Karyotype

Karyotypes are reported in a standard format giving the
total number of chromosomes first, followed by the sex
chromosome constitution. All cell lines are described in mosaic
abnormalities, indicating the frequency of each. Additional or
missing chromosomes are indicated by  or  for whole
chromosomes, with an indication of the type of abnormality if
there is a ring or marker chromosome. Structural
rearrangements are described by in dicating the p or q arm and
the band position of the break points.